Animals are used in five major areas: Studies of a fundamental nature in sciences relating to essential structure or function (e.g., biology, psychology, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, etc.) Studies for medical purposes, including veterinary medicine, that relate to human or animal disease or disorders. Studies for regulatory testing of products for the protection of humans, animals, or the environment. Studies for the development of products or appliances for human or veterinary medicine. Education and training of individuals in post-secondary institutions or facilities.

The CCAC has grouped the various degrees of pain and stress under four categories of invasiveness.

• B: Experiments which cause little or no discomfort or stress.
• C: Experiments which cause minor stress or pain of short duration.
• D: Experiments which cause moderate to severe distress or discomfort.
• E: Experiments which cause severe pain near, at, or above the pain tolerance threshold of unanesthetized conscious animals.

Her research stressed the obvious conflicts of interests within the CCAC. The members of the CCAC are, Agriculture, Fisheries and Health Canada, the associations of dentists, physicians, veterinarians, the manufacturers of laboratory equipment, the suppliers of laboratory animals, the societies of sciences, the National Defense, the federal granting agencies, the pharmaceutical companies, and the health charities, groups that may have interests in the use of animals for research and testing.

Check this report on the CCAC by CBC at: CCAC Disclosure

Also, to have the CCAC's view, click the following link CCAC

There are other organizations that represent the business of animal experimentation and testing. As Christopher J. Heyde, a former Republican senatorial staffer and U.S. Army veteran, explains, the National Association for Biomedical Research, in the United States, sponsored an amendment to a farm bill to exclude 95 percent of the animals used for experimentation from this law first passed in 1966. A study, by scientists Harold Herzog of Western Carolina University and Scott Plous of Wesleyan University, showed that 73.3 percent of those involved in animal research supported the inclusion of mice and rats under the Animal Welfare Act and 69 percent supported inclusion of birds.

The National Association for Biomedical Research is also known to help institutions charged with animal abuses by attacking the very laws created to prevent such abuse. The association has even attached an amendment to the House Agriculture Appropriations bill denying public access to information in the future. (4)

In Canada, a similar group, Canadians for Health Research, runs a Web site Canadians for Health Research, where they argue that medical progress has been possible because of animal experimentation.

• 1. CCAC. Animal Use Survey (1998)
• 2. Charlotte Montgomery. "Blood Relations: Animals, Humans and Politics." Chapter 3: Keeping Humans Alive. Between the Lines, Totonto (2000)
• 3. Gartner Klaus. "Decrease in biomedical research activity in Germany as a consequence of bureaucratic hindrance due to amended 1986 animal protection law. " The ethics of animal experimentation: Proceedings of the European Congress held 17-18 December 1996. European Biomedical Research Association. Edited by Philip N.O Donoghue
• 4. In his article "Atrocities in the laboratories" by Christopher J.Heyde, former Republican senatorial staffer and with the Society for Animal Protection April 2002